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- $Unique_ID{BRK03979}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{McCune-Albright Syndrome}
- $Subject{McCune-Albright Syndrome Albright Syndrome Polyostotic, Fibrous
- Dysplasia Osteitis Fibrosa Disseminata Neurofibromatosis Type I Von
- Recklinghausen Disease Peripheral Neurofibromatosis}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992 National Organization
- for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 183:
- McCune-Albright Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (McCune-Albright Syndrome)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next
- page to find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders
- covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Albright Syndrome
- Polyostotic, Fibrous Dysplasia
- Osteitis Fibrosa Disseminata
-
- Information on the following disease can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Neurofibromatosis, Type I (Von Recklinghausen Disease or Peripheral
- Neurofibromatosis)
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- McCune-Albright Syndrome is a multi-system disorder primarily
- characterized by abnormal fibrous tissue development (dysplasia) in one or
- more bones, abnormally early puberty, and brown (cafe-au-lait) spots on the
- skin. Other symptoms may include an overactive thyroid gland
- (hyperthyroidism), other endocrine abnormalities, and a variety of bone and
- soft-tissue tumors.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Individuals with McCune-Albright Syndrome are affected by abnormal fibrous
- bone tissue growth which may be progressively painful and disabling. These
- lesions may affect any bone in the body, but most frequently are found in the
- arms, legs, pelvis, fingers or toes, as well as the ribs and the base of the
- skull. Susceptibility to fractures, shortening of the limbs, and other bone
- deformities may occur.
-
- Skin abnormalities consist of large brown (cafe-au-lait) spots which tend
- to have an irregular contour. These spots do not appear in every case of
- McCune-Albright Syndrome, thus are not necessary for a diagnosis.
-
- Early or "precocious" puberty manifests itself more often among female
- than among male patients. The premature onset of puberty may occur as early
- as three months of age. In females, the monthly menstrual period occurs
- followed years later by the development of breasts and growth of axillary
- hair. Fertility among young patients is very rare, but has been found.
- Fertility among adults with McCune-Albright Syndrome appears to be normal.
-
- Enlargement of the nose, jaw, fingers and toes (acromegaly) may result
- from an excess of growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland and possibly
- excessive growth (gigantism) during childhood. However, growth may stop at
- an early age, leaving the patient at a shorter height than normal adults.
- (For more information on this disorder, choose "acromegaly" as your search
- term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of McCune-Albright Syndrome is not known. Most cases seem to
- occur sporadically. Although scientists suspect the disorder may be
- inherited, this has not yet been proven. The early (false or
- pseudoprecocious) puberty in females with McCune-Albright may be linked to
- increased ovarian function caused by increased thyroid gland function
- (hyperthyroidism), hypercortisolism, excessive growth hormone and
- hypophaasphatemia or premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-
- ovarian axis. Scientists believe that in many cases McCune-Albright Syndrome
- is caused by a mutation of the Gsx gene in early development.
-
- Affected Population
-
- McCune-Albright Syndrome can affect both sexes. Early or pseudoprecocious
- puberty occurs in approximately thirty percent of patients, most often among
- affected females. Since this disorder was first identified by Albright in
- 1937, hundreds of cases have been described in the American medical
- literature.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorder can be similar to those of McCune-Albright
- Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Neurofibromatosis (NF), Type I, also known as Von Recklinghausen's
- Disease or Peripheral Neurofibromatosis, is characterized by multiple brown
- (cafe-au-lait) colored spots on the skin, nerve tumors of varying sizes under
- the skin, and curvature of the spine or other bones. Disturbances of puberty
- may also occur. This disorder is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait,
- whereas the exact cause of McCune-Albright Syndrome is not known. The
- discolorations of the skin found in Neurofibromatosis I patients are
- different from those found in McCune-Albright Syndrome patients. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "NF" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of McCune-Albright Syndrome is symptomatic and supportive. In some
- severe cases, surgical removal of the thyroid gland may improve persistent
- increased thyroid function (hyperthyroidism). In other cases, physicians may
- try to delay puberty through use of hormones. Bone fractures and orthopedic
- problems are treated by orthopedists.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Experimental treatment for premature puberty in females with McCune-Albright
- Syndrome consists of a trial of the aromatase inhibitor testolactone, which
- blocks the synthesis of estrogens. More research is required before this
- therapy can be recommended as a safe and effective therapy for this disorder.
-
- Cortical bone grafting has been investigated as a possible treatment for
- fibrous bone tissue development (fibrous dysplasia), especially when a
- fracture has occurred. The objective of this experimental procedure is to
- attain pain relief, union of the fracture, and prevention of deformity.
- Again, more research is necessary before benefits can be adequately assessed.
-
- Investigators in the Reproductive Endocrine Unit at Massachusetts General
- Hospital are currently studying more about the reproductive function in
- teenage and adult females with McCune-Albright Syndrome. Interested females
- will be sent a questionnaire. Patients or parents of patients wishing to
- learn more about this study can contact:
-
- Dr. Lauren S. Frisch
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit
- Bartlett Hall Ext., 5th Floor
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Fruit Street
- Boston, MA 02114
- (617) 726-8433, ext. 337
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on McCune-Albright syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- McCune-Albright Syndrome Division of the MAGIC Foundation
- 30 Beloak Ct.
- Baltimore, MD 21236
- (301) 529-0653
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
- Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- International Center for Skeletal Dysplasia
- St. Joseph Hospital
- 7620 York Road
- Towson, MD 21204
- (301) 337-1250
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- TREATMENT OF PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY IN THE MCCUNE-ALBRIGHT SYNDROME WITH
- THEAROMATASE INHIBITOR TESTOLACTONE: J.D. Malley, et al.; N Eng J Med
- (October 30, 1986, issue 315 (18)). Pp. 1115-1119.
-
- NEUROFIBROMATOSIS AND ALBRIGHT'S SYNDROME: V.M. Riccardi; Dermatol Clin
- (January 1987, issue 5 (1)). Pp. 193-203.
-
- FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF THE FEMORAL NECK. TREATMENT BY CORTICAL BONE-GRAFTING:
- W.F. Enneking, et al.; J Bone Joint Surg [AM] (December 1986, issue 68(9)).
- Pp. 1415-1422.
-
- ACTIVATING MUTATIONS OF THE STIMULATORY G PROTEIN IN THE MCCUNE-ALBRIGHT
- SYNDROME, Weinstein, L.S., et al.; N Eng J Med, December 12, 1991 (issue 325
- (24)). Pp. 1688-1695.
-
- THE MCCUNE-ALBRIGHT SYNDROME, THE WHYS AND WHEREFORES OF ABNORMAL SIGNAL
- TRANSDUCTION, (editorial) Levine, Michael A., New Eng J of Med., December 12,
- 1991 (issue 325 (24)). Pp. 1738-1740.
-
-